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CERTIFICATE IN WATER HARVESTING AND MANAGEMENT (CWHM)
Term-End Examination June, 2022
ONR-003 : WATER HARVESTING, CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION
1.(a) What is water harvesting ? Discuss its importance for human survival and crop production.
(b) Define in-situ water harvesting. Discuss in detail any two in-situ water harvesting techniques.
- (a) Enlist different methods of lining of ponds. What is plastic lining ? Write its advantages.
(b) What is rooftop rainwater harvesting ? Explain its importance in urban areas.
- (a) Discuss in detail the various steps of designing a water storage pond.
(b) Classify water storage tanks based on shape, size and the material of construction.
- (a) Enlist the various recommended rainwater harvesting structures used in central semi-arid Vindhyan zone.
(b) How can the water losses be reduced in water supply and sanitary fittings ?
(c) Calculate the runoff amount from a 70 ha watershed if the rainfall during a rainfall event in August 2018 was 200 mm. Assume runoff coefficient as 0.4.
5.a) What is Artifical Groundwater recharge ? Describe its need in present scenario.
- b) What is Irrigation Scheduling ? Explain its importance for better crop production.
6.a) What is Drip Irrigation ? Discuss its advantages and limitations.
- b) Explain the importance of wastewater recycling through industrial eco-parks.
- (a) What is Earthfill Dam ? Explain different types of earthfill dams.
(b) What is Water Conveyance Efficiency ? Determine the water conveyance efficiency if discharge of 64 litres per second from the source was released and 50 litres per second was delivered to the field.
- Write short notes on any five of the following :
(a) Homogenous soil
(b) Soil profile
(c) Consumptive use of water
(d) Contour hedgerow
(e)Percolation tank
(f) Sediment deposition
(g) Irrigation intensity
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