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CERTIFICATE IN WATER HARVESTING AND MANAGEMENT (CWHM)
Term-End Examination December, 2024
ONR–003 : WATER HARVESTING, CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION
1.(a) “Water is the most critical input for agriculture.” Justify the statement.
(b) Explain any three in-situ water harvesting techniques.
2.(a) Explain the following runoff water storage structures :
(i) Water harvesting pond/storage tank
(ii) Diversion bund/Diversion channel (iii) Water spreading
(b) Describe any two traditional water harvesting techniques practised in India.
3.(a) Explain the components of a rainwater harvesting system with the help of a neat sketch.
(b) How to determine the size of a water storage tanks for rural domestic use ?
(c) Classify the water storage tanks based on materials used.
4.(a) Define Irrigation. Describe the different methods of irrigation.
(b) Write the advantages and disadvantages of drip irrigation.
5.(a) Explain any three water storage structures.
(b) Describe irrigation scheduling and write its advantages.
6.(a) What is artificial groundwater recharge ? Write ideal conditions for artificial groundwater recharge.
(b) Enlist artificial recharge methods suitable for rural areas and explain any two methods.
7.Describe domestic and industrial water conservation practices in detail.
8.Write short notes on any five of the following :
(a) Contour bunding (b) Spillway (c) Aquifer (d) Water use efficiency (e) Kuls (f) Gutters (g) Runoff coefficient
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