BZYCT133 EM 2023 JAN TO DEC SOLVED ASSIGNMENT

Description

ASSIGNMENT
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
OF VERTEBRATES
Course Code: BZYCT-133
Assignment Code: BZYCT-133/TMA/2023
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: Attempt all questions. The marks for each question are indicated against it.
Part-A Maximum Marks: 50
1. i) a) Which are the four successive layers present in the integument of
mammals?
b) Which muscle is attached to the hair follicle of human beings and
make hair stand erect?
ii) What are the different types of feathers? What are their functions?
iii) Choose the correct alternative:
i) The visceral skeleton is also referred to as (chondrocranium/
splanchocranium).
ii) Jaws arose from the (mandibular/hyoid) arch.
iii) The upper jaw is made up of the (palatoquadrate/Meckel’s cartilage).
iv) Branchial basket formed of the visceral arches is found in
(teleosts/cyclostomes).
v) If the jaw is attached to the skull and not suspended by the
hyomandibula, the suspensorium is (autodiastylic/autostylic).
(1)
(1)
(3)
(5)
2. Fill in the blanks:
i) The four types of mammalian uteri are …………………..,
………………………., …………….. and ……………………. .
ii) The muscle layer of the uterus is called ………………………….
iii) The sequence of organs of mammalian female genital system are:
two ovaries …………..……… …………..……
……………… …………….. .
iv) In female birds only the …………………… gonad develops into the
ovary.
(10)
3. i) List the primary divisions of the nervous system and their subdivisions.
ii) List the cranial nerves of special senses and the nerves that innervate the
eye muscles.
(5)
(5)
4. Describe specialised sensory organs of vertebrates and relate their role to their
habitat.
(10)
4
5. Briefly write the functions of the following hormones secreted in mammals.
a) Adrenocoricotropic hormone
b) Parathormone
c) Aldosterone
d) Testosterone
e) Progesterone
(10)
Part-B Maximum Marks: 50
6. Explain the role of fate maps and patterns of development. (10)
7. i) How would you define a ligand in cell-to cell signalling?
ii) What is the difference between juxtacrine and paracrine signalling?
iii) How is EMT used in the embryo and in the adult?
(3)
(3)
(4)
8. i) Chose the correct answer form alternatives provided.
a) Fertilization is responsible for the activation/arrest of development.
b) Activation of the sperm ensures/does not ensure that sperm will meet
the egg.
c) In organisms with external/internal fertilization, chemotactic
mechanisms have been evolved to attract the sperm towards the egg.
d) A period of maturation in the female reproductive tract required for
the transformation of sperm is known as activation/capactiation.
e) Sperm using an enzyme called acrosin/hyaluronidase penetrate their
way through zona pellucida.
ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
a) ………………. is the extension of egg cytoplasm around the
entering sperm head.
b) Inhibitor of microfilament formation such as ……………… prevents
the formation of fertilization cone.
c) The early response for the entry of sperm into the egg is prevention
of ………………. .
d) The ………………. for polyspermy is mediated by the electrical
depolarization of egg plasma membrane.
e) The slow block to polyspermy is achieved by …………… reaction.
(5)
(5)
9. a) Describe the process of internalization of mesoderm in frog. What are the
end results of the gastrulation process?
b) Discuss the process of development of extra embryonic membranes in
chick.
(5)
(5)
10. a) Choose the correct term:
i) The morula/blastocyst implants in the uterine endometrium.
ii) The ICM/trophoblast gives rise to the embryo.
iii) Ectopic pregnancy is the result of implantation inside/outside the
uterus.
(5)
5
iv) HCG maintains/degenerates the corpus luteum.
v) Uteroplacental circulation occurs due to development of blood filled
space in syncytiotrophoblast/inner celluar layer of trophoblast.
b) How do genetic and environmental defects cause problems in
development?